The penalties for drug trafficking in Canada are severe and vary based on the type and quantity of the controlled substance involved, as well as any prior convictions. For Schedule I drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin, fentanyl), penalties can range from several years to life imprisonment, depending on the circumstances. Schedule II drugs (e.g., cannabis, if illegally trafficked) can also lead to significant penalties, particularly if trafficking occurs near schools or to minors. Fines, asset forfeiture, and additional restrictions may also be imposed.